Recognising Arthritis in Pets: Symptoms and Management

As our pets age, their needs begin to change, including the health of their joints. Arthritis in pets is more common than you may realise, especially in senior dogs and cats. Understanding the signs, management options, and preventative measures is key to ensuring your pet enjoys a comfortable, mobile life for as long as possible.

This comprehensive guide by Normanhurst Vet covers everything Sydney pet owners need to know about arthritis in pets, from symptoms and causes, to treatment plans and preventative strategies. Whether you have an old dog with arthritis or you’re noticing your cat slowing down, this article will help you recognise the early signs and take action.

What Is Arthritis in Pets?

Arthritis, or osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint condition that causes inflammation, stiffness and chronic pain. It typically results from the breakdown of cartilage that cushions joints. As the protective cartilage deteriorates, bones begin to rub against each other, leading to discomfort and reduced mobility.

Arthritis in dogs and cats can affect one or multiple joints. While it’s more common in older pets, it can also occur due to injury, genetics, or joint abnormalities (like hip or elbow dysplasia). In many cases, arthritis develops gradually, making early detection difficult without close observation.

Common Symptoms of Arthritis in Pets

Early intervention is vital when managing arthritis in pets. Here are some of the most common signs to watch for:

• Limping or stiffness (especially after rest or in cold weather)

• Difficulty standing up or lying down

• Reluctance to jump, run, or climb stairs

• Reduced interest in play or walks

• Irritability or sensitivity when touched

• Licking or chewing at joints

• Changes in posture or gait

For dogs, a classic sign is limping in cold weather or hesitation to jump into the car. In cats, the signs may be more subtle, such as avoiding high surfaces or not using the litter box if it requires climbing.

If your pet shows any of these signs, it’s essential to have them examined by your veterinarian at Normanhurst Vet. Early diagnosis means a better quality of life and more effective treatment.

Causes and Risk Factors of Arthritis in Pets

Several factors contribute to the development of arthritis in pets:

• Age: Senior pets are most at risk due to natural wear and tear.
• Genetics: Certain breeds are predisposed to joint issues^*
• Injuries: Trauma to a joint can increase the likelihood of arthritis later.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on joints.
• Joint diseases: Conditions like hip dysplasia or luxating patella can lead to arthritis.

*While osteoarthritis can affect any dog or cat, some breeds are genetically predisposed to developing joint issues due to their size, build, or hereditary conditions. A genetic predisposition will also affect dogs or cats that are a blend of breeds. Understanding whether your pet is at higher risk can help you take proactive steps to support their joint health from an early age.

That’s why managing arthritis in pets requires more than just breed assumptions. Whether your dog or cat is purebred, mixed, or rescue, it’s important to monitor their joint health closely, especially during growth and as they age. Regular veterinary check-ups, weight management, exercise, and early intervention can make a significant difference, regardless of your pet’s pedigree.

Dog Breeds with a Higher Incidence of Arthritis

A systematic review of canine osteoarthritis by Anderson et al. (2020) identified breed predispositions and joint abnormalities as major risk factors¹. Managing your pet’s weight and addressing any early joint concerns can go a long way in reducing arthritis risk. According to current veterinary studies, these breeds are more genetically predisposed:

• Labrador Retriever: Commonly affected due to size and predisposition to hip/elbow dysplasia.

• German Shepherd: Prone to joint issues, including degenerative myelopathy and hip dysplasia.

• Golden Retriever: Often experiences arthritis in the hips and elbows as they age.

• Rottweiler: Heavy and muscular breed with higher risk of joint degeneration.

• Newfoundland: Very large breed, prone to early-onset osteoarthritis due to joint stress.

Mixed-Breed Dogs and Genetic Risk for Arthritis

If your pet is a crossbreed, such as a Labradoodle or a German Shepherd mix, they may still inherit joint issues from their purebred parents. While crossbred animals are sometimes thought to have so-called “hybrid vigour,” this doesn’t necessarily mean they are less likely to develop conditions like arthritis. Joint predispositions are inherited genetically, so if either parent breed is prone to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, or other hereditary joint diseases, their offspring can also develop arthritis.

Cat Breeds with a Higher Incidence of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis in cats is less obvious, but these breeds may be at greater risk:

• Scottish Fold: Prone to cartilage and joint abnormalities due to genetic mutations.

• Maine Coon: Large size increases joint stress, especially in hips².

• Persian: May suffer from hip dysplasia and related joint issues.

• Siamese: Slim but genetically predisposed to joint conditions in some lines.

• Burmese: Tends to show signs of osteoarthritis in the spine and hind limbs.

Tip for Crossbred Cats (e.g., Minuets, Munchkin-Persian Mixes)

When breeds with inherited joint conditions are crossed, the offspring may still inherit those genetic predispositions. For example, Minuets—a mix of Munchkin and Persian—inherit dwarfism-related joint abnormalities and rapidly develop joint disease. This shows that mixed breeds do not necessarily benefit from “hybrid vigour” when parents carry dominant or co-dominant mutations affecting joints.

Arthritis in Dogs vs. Arthritis in Cats

While arthritis in dogs is more widely recognised, cats are just as likely to be affected. A study by Slingerland et al. (2011) found that 61% of cats over six years old showed signs of osteoarthritis, often in multiple joints³.

However, cats are expert at masking pain, which can delay diagnosis. Unlike dogs, cats might not limp or whimper. Instead, they may groom less, avoid jumping, or seem withdrawn.

Both dogs and cats benefit from early veterinary attention, lifestyle adjustments, and, in some cases, medication or joint supplements tailored to their species.

Diagnosing Arthritis in Pets

Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination and a detailed history from the owner. Our vets will assess your pet’s mobility, pain levels, and joint flexibility. X-rays are often used to confirm arthritis and rule out other joint conditions.

For ongoing monitoring, diagnostic tools such as gait analysis or pressure-sensitive mats may be recommended, particularly in advanced or complex cases.

Our Mobile Vet Service

For pets living with arthritis, a trip to the vet clinic can sometimes be more than just inconvenient, it can be painful. Climbing into the car, standing on slippery clinic floors, or being handled in unfamiliar surroundings can aggravate joint pain and cause stress, especially for senior dogs and cats with limited mobility.

At Normanhurst Vet Practice, we offer a mobile vet service that brings expert care straight to your door. Our fully equipped mobile vet van allows us to examine and treat pets in the comfort of their own home, where they feel most relaxed and at ease. Whether it’s for arthritis check-ups, pain management, or general health care, a house call can make all the difference to your pet’s comfort and quality of life. Why not give us a call on 02 9489 6000 and see how we can help.

Nutrition and Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the most effective ways to prevent and manage arthritis in pets. Excess weight places strain on joints, accelerating degeneration. A healthy, well-balanced diet tailored to your pet’s age and lifestyle is essential.

Incorporating omega-3 fatty acids into your pet’s diet may also help reduce inflammation. One clinical study showed that dogs with arthritis who consumed omega-3-rich diets had improved mobility and reduced discomfort⁴.

Before introducing any arthritis supplements for dogs (or cats), it’s important to speak with your veterinarian. Human supplements are not designed for pets, and incorrect dosages or ingredients can be harmful. Your vet at Normanhurst Vet will recommend safe and effective options based on your pet’s unique needs, including advice on bioavailability and possible contraindications.

Treatment Options: Relieving Arthritis Pain in Pets

There are multiple ways to relieve arthritis pain in pets, and treatment should always be tailored to your pet’s condition, lifestyle, and overall health. Common options include:

How to Prevent Arthritis in Pets

While not all causes of arthritis can be avoided, there are practical ways to lower your pet’s risk:

• Keep pets at a healthy weight
• Provide age-appropriate exercise
• Monitor for signs of joint strain or injury
• Ensure a balanced diet with joint-supportive nutrients
• Visit your vet regularly for check-ups

Preventative care is especially important for large breed dogs and ageing cats. Early intervention gives your pet the best chance for lifelong mobility.

FAQs

1. How can I prevent arthritis in my pet?

   Keep your pet at a healthy weight, ensure regular exercise, and monitor joint health. Early intervention and a balanced diet can significantly reduce risk.

2. What are the best ways to relieve arthritis pain in pets?

   A combination of medications, supplements, weight management, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes can offer effective relief.

3. Can cats get arthritis?

   Yes. Arthritis in cats is common, especially in older cats. Symptoms may be subtle, such as reduced grooming or avoiding jumps.

4. What are the symptoms of dog arthritis?

   Common signs include limping, stiffness, reluctance to move, and behavioural changes like irritability or lethargy.

5. Are joint supplements safe for pets?

   Some are, but always check with your vet first. Human supplements are not suitable for pets, and your vet can advise on safe and effective options based on dosage, bioavailability, and any medical conditions.

A Final Word: Helping Your Pet Stay Mobile and Happy

Arthritis in pets doesn’t have to mean a life of pain or immobility. With early intervention, proper management, and the compassionate care of your local veterinary team at Normanhurst Vet, your pet can enjoy an active, pain-free life well into their senior years.

If you suspect arthritis in your dog or cat, book an appointment with our team today. We’ll help create a tailored care plan that suits your pet’s lifestyle and stage of life.